2023—2024年度小麦主要病虫害全程防控技术方案
发布时间：2023-10-16
小麦是我国主要的粮食作物，科学有效防治病虫害，减少产量损失，对保障粮食生产绝对安全具有重要意义。In recent years, wheat scab, stripe rust, aphids and other diseases have caused serious damage. Soil-borne diseases such as stem rot and root rot have increased their spread in major producing areas, posing a serious threat to wheat production。为加强2023—2024年度小麦病虫害全程综合防控工作，提高防控效果，减轻病虫害损失，特制定本方案。
First, prevention and control strategies
Adhere to "prevention first.，综合防治”的植保方针，树立“公共植保、绿色植保”理念，针对我国小麦不同种植区全生育期主要病虫害发生种类及为害特点，按照“突出重点、分区治理、因地制宜、分类指导”的原则，推广种植抗病品种、药剂拌种、适期晚播、健康栽培、科学用药等绿色防控技术措施，强化绿色防控与统防统治相融合，有效控制小麦病虫危害。
2. Prevention and control targets
根据各小麦产区近年来病虫发生规律和危害特点，明确各个地区主要防控对象和兼治对象。
Huanghuai sea wheat area: To rust, scab, sheath blight, stem base rot, powdery mildew, wheat aphid, wheat spider, plasma suckers, underground pests, taking into account total erosion, root rot, smut, cyst nematode disease, yellow Mosaic disease, armyworm and other diseases and pests。
Wheat area in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River: Mainly to scab, rust, dry blight, powdery mildew, wheat aphid, taking into account smut, yellow Mosaic, yellow dwarf, wheat spider and other diseases and pests, pay attention to the occurrence of wheat stem base rot。
Southwest wheat region：以条锈病、麦蚜为主，兼顾白粉病、赤霉病、麦蜘蛛、地下害虫等病虫害，关注草地贪夜蛾等入侵害虫的潜在风险。
Northwest wheat region: Mainly stripe rust, stem base rot, scab, wheat aphid, plasma suckers, taking into account dry blight, powdery mildew, smut, wheat spider, underground pests and other diseases and pests, Xinjiang wheat areas pay attention to snow mold leaf blight and wheat negative mud worm。
North China and Northeast wheat region: Mainly powdery mildew, stem base rot, dry blight, smut, wheat aphid and plasma suckers, and also rust, scab, total erosion, root rot, armyworms, underground pests and wheat spiders。
3. Prevention and control technology
（一）Huanghuai sea wheat area
1.Wheat planting time
因地制宜推广抗（耐）性小麦品种，降低高感品种种植面积。实施种子药剂处理，根据当地主要防控对象，选择合适的高效种衣剂或拌种药剂。针对小麦纹枯病等苗期病害，Select the seed treatment agents containing pentazolol, phenoxymethyclozole, fluoxacyclozil, pyrimidin, Jingokamycin, Bacillus subtilis and other ingredients for seed dressing or coating，防治茎基腐病可参照《滚球体育》推荐用药进行包衣拌种；全蚀病发生区，The seeds were coated or mixed with silthiamide, pyrimidin and phenoxymeclozole.Abamectin can be used for seed treatment of cystitis nematodes.For root rot disease, the seeds were coated or mixed with fluroxonil and phenoxyconazole.Underground pest, seedling aphids, wheat yellow dwarf disease occurrence area，选用吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、毒死蜱、辛硫磷等拌种或包衣。根腐病、孢囊线虫病发生严重的地块，在播种后尽快采取镇压措施。
2．Wheat emergence - overwintering period
Effectively do a good job of wheat aphid, wheat spider, rust, stem rot, powdery mildew and cyst nematode disease and other diseases and insects of dynamic monitoring, when the occurrence of diseases and pests become more serious to take timely prevention and control measures to the early-onset field, the use of road fungicides, pesticides for prevention and control。
3．小麦返青—拔节期
重点开展流行性、暴发性病虫害的早期预防。黄淮麦区南部，春季注意防控条锈病早发麦田，及早控制发病中心。当田间条锈病平均病叶率达到0.5—1%时或白粉病病叶率达到10%时，及时组织开展大面积应急防治，防止病害流行危害。When the disease rate of wheat wilt reached 10%, Jinggangmycin, thiafuramide, cyanene · hexazolol and triazole fungicides were used to spray the stalk base of wheat seedlings, once every 7-10 days, and twice to three times according to the disease。When the plant rate of wheat stem base rot disease is 5%, the single agent and its compounding agent of the road are selected for control. The drug varieties are detailed in the Technical Guidance on the Prevention and Control of Wheat Stem Base Rot Disease.。麦蜘蛛平均825px行长螨量200头或每株有螨6头时，可选用阿维菌素、联苯菊酯等药剂喷雾防治。返青后地下害虫出现连片危害时，可用辛硫磷、毒死蜱等配成毒土撒施。
4．小麦抽穗—扬花期
根据病虫害的发生种类和程度，开展达标防治，多种病虫混合发生危害时，实施“One shot is more than one shot”。小麦抽穗至扬花期是赤霉病防治关键时期，若遇阴雨、露水和大雾天气且持续3天以上，或10天内有5天以上阴雨天气时，要及时、全面开展赤霉病预防工作，选用氰烯菌酯、丙硫菌唑、氟唑菌酰羟胺、戊唑醇、叶菌唑、丙唑·戊唑醇等杀菌剂开展防治。施药后6小时遇雨，应在雨后及时补喷。白粉病病叶率达10%或条锈病病叶率0.5—1%时，可选用三唑类等杀菌剂及时喷药防治，若病情重，持续时间长，间隔7—15天可再施用1次。
At wheat head stage, when there are more than 10 adult worms in every 10 reseeding times, or 2-3 adult worms can be seen in a row of wheat rows, Cyhalothrin and chlorpyrifos can be used for spray control, and can also treat wheat aphis, armyworm and other pests。麦蜘蛛平均825px行长有螨量200头或每株有麦蜘蛛6头时，选用阿维菌素、联苯菊酯等喷雾防治。During this period, selective or highly effective and low toxic pesticide varieties and dosage forms should be used as far as possible, the application period should be adjusted appropriately, and the application method should be improved to reduce the adverse impact on natural enemies and play its natural control role。
5.Wheat filling period
当田间发生单一病虫为害时，进行针对性防治。When the number of aphid in the field reached more than 800 and the ratio of natural enemies to wheat aphid was less than 1:150, selective insecticides such as anti-aphid and neonicotinoid spray could be used for control, or biological pesticides such as matrine and Metarrhizome could be used for control。当田间粘虫发生时可选用高效氯氟氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯等药剂或苦参碱、绿僵菌等生物农药开展防治，兼治棉铃虫。灌浆期实行“一喷三防”，选用三唑酮、烯唑醇、戊唑醇、己唑醇、丙环唑、咪鲜胺、丙唑·戊唑醇等杀菌剂，吡虫啉、啶虫脒、吡蚜酮、噻虫嗪、抗蚜威等杀虫剂，氨基寡糖素、芸苔素内酯、赤·吲乙·芸苔、二氢卟吩铁等植物免疫诱抗剂或生长调节剂，Combined with wheat growth，合理使用叶面肥等，Mixed spray，One shot is more than one shot。注意农药安全间隔期，一般在收获前15天停止使用农药。
（二）Wheat area in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River
1.Wheat planting time
因地制宜推广抗（耐）赤霉病和白粉病的小麦品种，大力推行种子处理。Fungicides such as phenoxymeclozole, fluxonil, pentazolol can be used to mix seeds or coat seeds to prevent powdery mildew, sheath blight, smut and other species and soil-borne diseases;Insecticides such as thiamethoxam, imidacloprid and phoxius can be used for seed dressing or seed coating in the underground pests and the common occurrence area of wheat aphid at seedling stage。药剂浓度严格按照农药包装说明推荐剂量使用，避免药害发生。坚持适期适量播种，控制小麦田间群体密度。此外，基肥适当增施钾、磷肥，提高小麦抗性。
2．Wheat emergence - overwintering period
重点监测麦蜘蛛和纹枯病，当平均825px单行麦蜘蛛达200头时，可用阿维菌素、联苯菊酯等药剂进行防治。同时，要及时清沟理墒、防除田间杂草，减轻纹枯病等病害发生。In the overwintering or winter breeding areas of wheat stripe rust in northwest Hubei province, the autumn seedling disease of wheat stripe rust should be monitored. When a single diseased leaf in the field is found, the disease point should be taken as the center and the 2m diameter area of the disease point should be sprayed in time for prevention and control; when a single disease center is found, the 20m diameter area should be sprayed in time to block the disease center and prevent the spread of the disease。
3．小麦返青期—拔节期
重点监测纹枯病、白粉病、条锈病和麦蜘蛛的发生。When the plant rate of field wilt reached 10%, jinggangmycin, pentazolol, thiafuramide, propiconazole and other agents should be used as soon as possible to evenly spray the wheat stem base for control, and the serious field should be treated once every 7-10 days。3月下旬至4月下旬，当田间白粉病病叶率达10%或条锈病平均病叶率达到0.5—1%时，组织开展大面积应急防治，控制病害扩展，药剂品种可选用三唑类、甲氧丙烯酸酯类药剂。另外，当平均825px单行麦蜘蛛200头以上时，可选用阿维菌素、联苯菊酯等药剂喷雾防治。
4．小麦抽穗期—扬花期
In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, SCAB is a common occurrence area. In wheat heading and flowering period, active drug prevention should be taken to control the epidemic of the disease, water and fertilizer management should be strengthened, field ditches should be smooth, and field humidity should be reduced。When there is rainy, dew and foggy weather from heading to flowering stage of wheat and it lasts for more than 2 days, it should be sprayed in time to prevent the wheat from full ear to the early flowering stage, so that one piece of flowering and prevention;The first time of application can be appropriately advanced for high-sensitivity varieties and areas that encounter rain in the early blooming period。Drug varieties can be selected cyanofungil, propithiazole, fluzoyl hydroxylamine, phyllostazole and other agents and compounding agents, with sufficient dosage, rain within 6 hours after application, should be treated in time after rain。In case of continuous rain, after the end of the first prevention and control, it is necessary to conduct a second prevention and control every 5-7 days to ensure the control of the epidemic;To carry out the monitoring of resistance to wheat scab, and scientifically guide farmers to use drugs rationally。防治赤霉病时兼治白粉病、锈病等病害。当百株麦蚜量达800头以上，益害比低于1∶150时，可选用啶虫脒、吡虫啉、抗蚜威等药剂喷雾防治。吡虫啉和啶虫脒不宜单一使用，要与低毒有机磷农药合理混配喷施。小麦穗期病虫害混合发生时，选用相应的杀菌剂、杀虫剂混合施用。
(3) Southwest Wheat Region
1.Wheat planting time
In autumn sowing stage, the focus of disease and insect control should be on the layout of disease-resistant varieties, seed treatment and healthy cultivation, and timely removal of spontaneous wheat seedlings and weeds in the field before sowing, so as to effectively reduce the initial bacterial source of wheat stripe rust。It is recommended to interplant wheat with broad bean, pea and other leguminous crops in the ratio of 1:1 to play the role of ecological disease control.In the winter breeding area of stripe rust, disease-resistant varieties of the whole growth period should be selected as far as possible, and the fungicides such as triazolone, pentazolol and phenoxyconazole were used to mix the seeds in autumn sowing to treat stripe rust and powdery mildew at seedling stage。
2．Wheat emergence - overwintering period
有针对性做好麦田病虫害越冬基数的普查及发生趋势的预测预报工作。秋冬季系统监测条锈病发生发展动态，采取系统调查与普查相结合，发现一点，防治一片。A single diseased leaf in the field was found, an area with a diameter of 2m was sprayed for prevention and control, and a single disease center was found to be sprayed for prevention and control of an area with a diameter of 20m, and the disease center was blocked in time。
3．小麦返青期—拔节期
In wheat spring, the systematic investigation, survey and prediction of wheat stripe rust, powdery mildew, scab, wheat aphid and wheat spider and other diseases and pests are mainly strengthened, the occurrence period and occurrence degree of local diseases and pests are accurately predicted in time, and the prevention and control work is carried out in time when the diseases and pests have reached the control index。
In spring, in the early onset field of wheat stripe rust in the winter breeding area, timely monitoring of field diseases, finding a single diseased leaf, spraying its 10m diameter to control the spread of wheat stripe rust source in spring。From March to late April, according to the disease monitoring in the field, when a single disease center was found, the wheat field with a diameter of 50m was sprayed in time;The average diseased leaf rate of stripe rust in the field was 0.5—1%时，或白粉病病叶率达10%左右时，及时组织开展大面积统防统治工作，防止病害大面积流行。The control agents can be selected from triazolone, enazolol, pentazolol, flucyclozole, propionocyclozole, hexazolol, pyrimidine riboxylic antibiotics, etc. The concentration of the agents is strictly in accordance with the recommended dose。
4．小麦孕穗期—灌浆阶段
For the diseases and pests that occur in the field: stripe rust, powdery mildew, scab, wheat aphid, etc., the "one spray and three control" measures are implemented, and the types of fungicides, insecticides, plant growth regulators and fertilizers are selected according to the different types of diseases and pests, and the reasonable proportion and treatment are carried out。当田间发生单一病虫时，进行针对性防治。The leaf rate of stripe rust was 0.5—1%时，或白粉病病叶率达10%时，组织开展大面积应急防治，防止病害流行危害。
If there is rain, dew and foggy weather that lasts more than 2 days or more than 5 days in 10 days, the prevention and control of wheat SCab should be strengthened to prevent the occurrence of wheat SCab。采取主动施药措施对小麦扬花期的赤霉病进行预防。For highly susceptible varieties，尽量在破口抽穗期前进行施药预防，药剂可选用氰烯菌酯、嘧菌酯、戊唑醇、咪鲜胺等，用量及浓度严格按照农药标签推荐剂量，施药后6小时内遇雨应及时补喷，若近5—7天内有大范围降雨或雾露，应继续进行二次药物防治。若当地小麦赤霉病菌对多菌灵产生抗药性，应停止使用多菌灵等苯丙咪唑类药剂。
小麦孕穗期，当平均825px单行有麦蜘蛛200头或每株有6头以上时，选用阿维菌素、联苯菊酯等喷雾防治。In the early stage of wheat filling, when there are 5 wheat aphid per stem or the rate of field aphid is 20%, imidacloprid, anti-aphid, deltamethrin spray or Metarrhizome and other biological pesticides can be used for control。喷药5—7天后检查防治效果，如发现还有较多麦蚜，应再防治一次。In the filling stage of dryland wheat, it is prone to stripe rust, powdery mildew, wheat aphid and other diseases and pests, as well as the adverse effects of defarification and high temperature weather. In the early and middle of April, "one spray and three prevention" are carried out to control related diseases and pests。
(4) Northwest Wheat Region
1.Wheat planting time
因地制宜进行小麦抗（耐）病品种的推广种植，做好当地小麦抗病品种布局工作，控制高感品种的种植面积。In the different altitude areas of Gansu Longnan, Longdong, eastern Qinghai and southern Ningxia, which are the source bases of stripe rust, the whole growth period resistance varieties with different disease resistance genes should be promoted. Attention should be paid to the loss of rust resistance of main wheat varieties。In the summer period, according to the soil moisture content, the spontaneous wheat seedling and the barberry which is the main host of wheat stripe rust in the field should be uprooted and cleaned up in time, and its possible breeding variation area should be eliminated。In the fields where wheat and corn crop rotation has been implemented and straw returning has been implemented, the measures of fine land preparation should be popularized to remove the residual corn straw on the surface and reduce the multiplication and accumulation of pathogenic bacteria of red fungus。在地下虫害发生较为严重地区，播前进行土壤药剂处理。采用种植抗耐病品种以及药剂拌种防治苗期条锈病、茎基腐病、地下害虫兼顾麦蚜，预防小麦黄矮病的发生。Seed treatment agents such as triazolone, propionazole, fluxonil, pentazolol, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, phoxiphos, fluxolium · thiamethoxam can be selected to control wheat diseases and insect pests, and the concentration of the agents should be used in strict accordance with the dosage recommended in the pesticide packaging instructions to avoid the occurrence of drug damage。
2．Wheat emergence - overwintering period
重点加强条锈病发病情况的监控力度，见病初期采取“带药侦查，打点保面”的防控措施，控制苗期条锈病侵染危害。渭北旱塬地区，甘肃陇东、陇南地区，宁夏南部冬麦区提高对小麦蚜虫的监测力度，预防小麦黄矮病发生。
3．小麦返青期—拔节期
Combined with the systematic investigation and general survey, the winter breeding area of wheat stripe rust in spring was monitored in time, the area of 2m diameter of the incidence point was sprayed for prevention and control, and it was found that a single incidence center was sprayed for prevention and control of 20m diameter area, and the incidence center was blocked in time。From late March to late April, combined with the field disease monitoring data, the disease situation in the monitoring area was timely controlled;The average diseased leaf rate of stripe rust in the field reached 0.5-1%, or when the rate of powdery mildew leaves reaches 10%, large-scale emergency control shall be organized. The control agents can be triazolone, enazolol, pentazolol, flucyclozole, nitrilbiazole, propiconazole, etc., and the concentration of the agents shall be strictly in accordance with the recommended dosage of the pesticide label。When the plant rate of wheat stem base rot disease is 5%, the single agent and its compounding agent of the road are selected for control. The drug varieties are detailed in the Technical Guidance on the Prevention and Control of Wheat Stem Base Rot Disease.。In the dry climate of Weibei Highland, Gansu Hexi and southern Ningxia wheat areas, attention should be paid to the control of wheat spiders. When the average 825px mite count is more than 200, avermectin, bifenthrin and other insecticides can be used for control。
4．小麦孕穗期—扬花期
According to the occurrence types and conditions of diseases and pests in the field, combined with the main diseases and pests in the booting stage of wheat, the implementation of "one spray and more control" measures, according to the different types of diseases and pests to select the types of fungicides, insecticides, plant growth regulators and fertilizers, and carry out reasonable proportion and treatment。Targeted prevention and control of single diseases and pests in the field, wheat stripe rust, powdery mildew, aphids and other field diseases that reach relevant control indicators, timely large-scale emergency prevention and control。The control agents should be triazolone, enazolol, pentazolol, flucyclozole, nitriloxazole, propionyclozole, cypermethrin, acetamidine, pyrhidone, etc. The concentration of the agents should be strictly in accordance with the recommended dosage of the pesticide label。
If there is rain, dew and foggy weather from heading to flowering period of wheat for more than 2 days, the prevention and control of wheat SCab should be strengthened to prevent the occurrence of wheat SCab。采取主动施药措施对小麦扬花期的赤霉病进行预防，For highly susceptible varieties，尽量在破口抽穗期前进行施药预防，药剂可选用氰烯菌酯、丙硫菌唑、戊唑醇、咪鲜胺等单剂及其复配剂，用量及浓度严格按照农药包装说明推荐剂量，施药后6小时内遇雨应及时补充喷施药剂；若近5—7天内有范围降雨或露雾，应继续进行二次药物防治。若地区小麦赤霉病出现对多菌灵的抗药性，应停止使用苯丙咪唑类药剂。
At wheat head stage, when there are 10 adult worms in every 10 rescreens, or when 2-3 adult worms are seen between wheat rows, insecticides such as Cyhalothrin, chlorofluoro-imidacloprid, phoxium octyphos and chlorpyrifos should be used for control in time, and repeated areas should be treated twice consecutively for 3 days to ensure the control effect。吸浆虫重发生区，要注意药剂持效期。In the recurrence area, when the number of 100 ear aphid in the field reached more than 800 and the benefit-harm ratio was less than 1:150, the insecticides such as acetamidine, imidacloprid, anti-aphid, fluridifenamide nitrilene, cyhalothrin or matrine were used for spray control, and the recommended dosage was strictly used according to the pesticide packaging instructions。条件允许地区可释放蚜茧蜂等天敌昆虫进行相关生物防治。
（五）North China and Northeast wheat region
1.Wheat planting time
小麦播种阶段，根据不同发病区域因地制宜推广抗（耐）白粉病、赤霉病的小麦品种。Vigorously promote seed chemical treatment, through fungicide seed dressing or seed coating, to control stem base rot, root rot, powdery mildew, total erosion, smut, wheat aphid, plasma suckers and underground pests and other diseases and insects, when necessary, the serious occurrence of underground pests in the area of soil treatment。为减少土壤污染和避免杀伤天敌，应提倡局部施药和施用颗粒剂，并随耕翻入土中。Phenoxymeclozole, fluxonil, pentazolol, triazolone, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, phoxiphos, fluxylthianide, etc., can be used for seed treatment, and phoxiphos and chlorpyrifos can be used for soil treatment. The concentration of agents should be strictly in accordance with the dosage recommended by the pesticide label to avoid drug damage。
2．Wheat emergence - overwintering period
在山西、河北中南部麦区主要监测麦蜘蛛、麦蚜、地下害虫、白粉病、纹枯病、全蚀病等病虫害。北部麦区根据当年气温、土壤墒情等，适时浇好防冻水。冬小麦播种早、出苗早的田块重点监测麦蜘蛛、纹枯病和叶锈病。A representative field was selected for investigation. When the average number of 825px spider reached 200 or there were 6 insects per plant, abamectin, malathion or bifenthrin were applied to control the spiders。防治方法以挑治为主。地下害虫危害死苗率达到3%时，可选用辛硫磷、毒死蜱等药剂对蛴螬、金针虫、白眉野草螟等地下害虫进行防治。
3．小麦返青期—拔节期
Focus on monitoring wheat powdery mildew, dry wilt, stem rot and wheat spider, when wheat powdery mildew leaf rate reached 10% or disease index reached more than 1, wheat dry wilt, stem rot strain rate reached about 10%, the average wheat leaf rust disease rate in the central and southern wheat areas reached 0.5—1%时，组织开展大面积应急防治，可选用三唑酮、烯唑醇、腈菌唑、丙环唑、氟环唑、噻呋酰胺、氰烯·己唑醇及井冈霉素等药剂开展防治，在茎基部喷施药剂防治纹枯病、兼治茎基腐病等病害，同时做好麦田清沟理墒工作，确保麦田沟系空气畅通。In the central and southern regions of Shanxi and Hebei, when the average number of mites in 33cm is more than 200, avermectin, bifenthrin and other agents can be used to control the spider。北部麦区田间监测到金针虫、蛴螬、白眉野草螟危害时，应及时用辛硫磷、毒死蜱等进行灌根或毒土防治。
4．小麦孕穗期—扬花期
针对病虫害发生种类，实施“One shot is more than one shot”措施，选用相应的杀菌剂、杀虫剂和植物生长调节剂或叶面肥等合理混用。北部麦区重点抓好小麦吸浆虫蛹期撒毒土和成虫羽化初期喷药。At the heading time of wheat，每10复网次有成虫10头以上，或使用两手扒开麦垄看到2—3头吸浆虫成虫时，立即选用有机磷类、菊酯类等农药喷雾防治，Recurrent areas of wheat plasma fluke，可选用辛硫磷、毒死蜱制成毒土，Spread evenly along wheat rows，撒毒土后浇水并及时清理麦叶残留毒土，The drug was administered twice in a row，3 day interval，消灭成虫于产卵之前。Attention should be paid to the control of wheat aphid, when the number of one hundred strains of aphid in the field reaches 500-800, and the benefit-to-harm ratio is less than 1:150, acetamidine, imidacloprid, anti-aphid and other agents can be used for spray control。当田间叶锈病病叶率在1—2%之间，应及时挑治，控制病点，可选用三唑类杀菌剂喷雾防治。
山西、河北南部及东北麦区重点防治小麦条锈病、赤霉病、白粉病等，当小麦条锈病田间平均病叶率达到0.5—1%时，组织开展大面积应急防治，防治药剂选用三唑类药剂。To adopt the active prevention strategy of wheat SCab, in the case of rainy, dew or foggy weather lasting more than 2 days from wheat heading to the early stage of flowering, the active spraying prevention should be carried out in the early stage of wheat flowering, so as to achieve one piece of flowering and one piece of prevention;For high-sensitivity varieties, the first application time was advanced to the heading period。The agents can be cyanofunlate, propithiobacillazole, fluzoyl hydroxylamine, pentazolol, imidazole, carbendazim, enazolol, fluocyclozole, hexazolol, propiconazole, etc. If it rains within 6 hours after application, it should be treated in time after rain。In the middle and late period of wheat growth, cultivation management should be strengthened, the soil moisture should be cleared in time, the field humidity should be reduced, and the conditions for wheat scab occurrence should be controlled. If there is continuous rainfall, it should be prevented and treated again 5-7 days after the first medication to ensure the effect of chemical control。
小麦生长中后期小麦锈病和麦蚜混合发生，可采用三唑酮、抗蚜威混配喷雾防治。条锈病、白粉病、吸浆虫、粘虫混发区或田块，采用三唑酮、高效氯氟氰菊酯混配喷雾防治。赤霉病、白粉病、穗蚜混发区，采用多菌灵、三唑酮、抗蚜威混合施药。
小麦灌浆期主要防治麦蚜、白粉病、叶锈病和纹枯病，可实施“One shot is more than one shot”措施。当田间发生单一病虫时，则进行针对性防治。当叶锈病病叶率达3—5%时，或白粉病病叶率达10%时，组织开展大面积统一防治，防止病害流行危害。当病虫发生程度较重，田间病虫数量仍高于防治指标时，应进行第二次防治。小麦灌浆期当麦蚜百株蚜量达800头以上时，立即选用啶虫脒、吡虫啉、抗蚜威等药剂喷雾防治。
四、小麦全生育期绿色防控
（一）种植抗（耐）病品种
种植抗（耐）性品种是防止或减轻病虫发生危害的根本措施，各地应因地制宜优化抗（耐）性优良品种布局。黄淮、长江中下游条锈病流行区，选择种植成株期抗性或慢锈性品种；西北、西南等条锈病越夏、冬繁区，选择种植全生育期抗病品种，提高中高抗品种种植比例，控制条锈病初始菌源量；长江中下游、黄淮、华北等小麦赤霉病、白粉病、茎基腐病发生区，选择对赤霉病、白粉病、茎基腐病等具较好抗（耐）性品种；小麦黄花叶病毒病常发、新发生区，选择种植对土传病毒病抗性较强的品种。
（二）做好田间管理
Implement field management measures such as fine land preparation, late sowing at appropriate time, suppression after sowing and timely irrigation to ensure fitness planting of wheat seedlings, and strive to sow whole seedlings, even seedlings, strong seedlings, and improve plant resistance to diseases and insects。其中，长江中下游、江淮、黄淮南部等赤霉病常发区推行秸秆粉碎、耕翻还田，尽量避免玉米、水稻等作物秸秆裸露于土壤表层，Lower the bacterial source base，减轻抽穗扬花期防控压力，适时晚播提高秸秆腐熟率；西北条锈病越夏区播前或播后苗前，应采取人工铲除或喷施除草剂等，清除自生麦苗和地边杂草，防止小麦锈菌在其转主寄主上发生，降低秋苗侵染几率；西南、黄淮南部等条锈病越冬区推行适期晚播，尽可能缩短秋季病菌感染时间，减少初始侵染菌源；江淮、黄淮、华北等纹枯病、茎基腐病重发多发区应避免早播，适当推迟播种时间，及时清除田间杂草、深翻耙匀土壤，雨后及时清沟理墒，降低根茎部病害发生几率。此外，孢囊线虫病重发区，应重点推广播种后和秋苗期两次镇压措施。In order to improve wheat immunity and yield, plant immune inducers and growth regulators were used to spray wheat in the key growth periods such as throttling and filling。
（三）推行秋播拌种
因地制宜、分区分类开展拌种或包衣。In the reoccurrence area of soil-borne and seed-borne diseases, agents containing pentazolol, phenoxymeclozole, fluoxazolium, pyrimidin, Jingkangmycin, Bacillus subtilis and other ingredients were selected for coating and seed dressing, and for treating rust and powdery mildew at seedling stage。In the reoccurrence areas of the underground pests such as golden needle, grub, mole quilla, phoxiphos or imidacloprid were used to coat or sow the seeds, and to treat wheat aphid, wheat spider, cyst nematodes and so on。条锈病越夏、越冬区重点推行戊唑醇、三唑酮等药剂包衣或拌种，预防苗期条锈病、白粉病，兼治后期黑穗病。In the mixed occurrence area of multiple diseases and insects, the corresponding compound agent can be selected for coating and seed mixing according to the characteristics of local diseases and insects. When selecting the compound agent, the effective composition should be roughly the same as that of a single dose。In the areas where conditions are available, it is necessary to vigorously promote the microbial microbial agents based on Bacillus subtilis, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium metarhizium, as well as the addition of plant immune inducement and resistance agents when sowing seeds, so as to improve the emergence rate and disease resistance and stress resistance of wheat。
（四）组织“一喷三防”
小麦中后期病虫发生较为集中，后期生长关键时期易受春夏季高温高湿或干旱等不利条件影响，对小麦产量影响较大。"One spray and three control" technology is a technical measure with strong professionalism and high timeliness. Through spraying insecticide and fungicide, leaf fertilizer and growth regulator, it can achieve the purpose of preventing disease and insect pests, dry hot air and premature aging, and has a great help to increase wheat production in the middle and late period。Plant protection agencies at all levels should formulate implementation plans in advance, actively play the role of professional prevention and control service organizations, and uniformly carry out wheat "one spray and three prevention" actions, promote pesticide reduction and efficiency, and lay the foundation for stable yield and increase of wheat in the middle and late stages。
（五）指导科学用药
First, standard control。在田间病虫量达到监测施药指标后，适时开展药剂防治或统一防治，减少化学农药使用量。The second is scientific mixing。When preparing wettable powder pesticides, dissolve them with a small amount of water first, and then pour them into the application equipment to stir evenly, so as to avoid drug damage caused by uneven liquid;When mixing chemicals in barrels, it is necessary to mix them on the spot, and pre-test must be done before large-scale application to ensure the safety of the mixed chemicals to crops。The third is the appropriate period of application。严格按照农药安全间隔期，科学合理用药。施药前密切关注天气情况，避免高温暴晒或降雨情况下喷施农药，喷洒类药剂施药后6小时内遇雨补施。Fourth, safe application of medicine。严格遵守农药安全使用操作规程，确保操作人员安全防护，保证施药环境与施药作业安全。
（来源： 全国农业技术推广服务中心）
